Which instrument is typically notated on the treble clef and sounds a minor third higher than written?

The instrument that is notated on the treble clef and sounds a minor third higher than written is indeed the Eb Clarinet. This instrument is a transposing instrument, meaning that the pitches it plays differ from what is written on the notation staff. Specifically, when a player reads a note on the staff, it sounds a minor third higher than what is written.

In the context of other instruments, the Bb Clarinet sounds a whole step lower than written, the Alto Saxophone sounds a major sixth lower than written, and the Trumpet in C is a non-transposing instrument that sounds at concert pitch. This distinction is crucial for musicians when transcribing or performing music, as it helps them understand how to interpret the written notation in relation to the actual sounding pitch.