Which era is characterized by the influence of folk songs and dances in music?

The era characterized by the influence of folk songs and dances in music is Nationalism in music. This movement emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, where composers sought to express their national identity through their music. They often incorporated traditional folk melodies, rhythms, and themes from their native cultures, creating a distinct musical language that reflected their cultural heritage.

During this time, composers such as Dvořák, Grieg, and Bartók drew inspiration from the folk traditions of their countries, allowing the music to resonate with the populace and evoke a sense of national pride. The integration of these folk elements helped to create a unique style that distinguished the music of different nations from one another.

In contrast, while the Classical, Romantic, and Baroque eras contain elements of local color and thematic influence, they do not predominantly focus on the integration of folk music as a defining characteristic. The requirement for a comprehensive expression of national identity through folk melodies is a hallmark of the Nationalism in music movement.