Which cadence creates the expectation of moving to the tonic but deviates instead?

The cadence that creates the expectation of resolving to the tonic but instead diverts to a different chord is known as the Deceptive Cadence. This type of cadence typically moves from the dominant chord (V) to a chord other than the tonic, most commonly the submediant chord (vi). This unexpected shift creates a sense of surprise and adds emotional depth to the progression.

A Half Cadence, on the other hand, ends on the dominant chord, which leaves the listener in suspense and wanting resolution to the tonic, but does not specifically resolve to a different pitch. Authentic and Perfect Cadences usually signify a strong resolution to the tonic, reinforcing that expected conclusion rather than deviating from it. The Deceptive Cadence is effective in creating forward motion while also delaying resolution, making it a popular choice in various musical contexts to maintain interest and tension in the progression.