What is the meaning of the term "affretando" in music?

The term "affretando" in music refers to a quickening of tempo with agitation. This term is derived from the Italian word that means to hasten or hurry, and it typically indicates a sense of urgency or excitement in the music. When a composer uses "affretando," they are instructing musicians to increase the tempo while also conveying a feeling of agitation or intensity, which can enhance the emotional impact of the piece. This contrasts with other terms in music that suggest slowing down, pausing, or increasing volume without necessarily affecting tempo. Understanding "affretando" in this context helps performers capture the intended feeling of the music, allowing for a more expressive interpretation.