What is program music?

Program music is characterized by its explicit association with a narrative, story, or visual imagery. This type of instrumental music intends to evoke certain ideas or feelings, often linked to literary themes or specific events, rather than adhering strictly to a purely abstract musical form. Composers utilize various musical elements—such as melodic lines, harmonies, and orchestration—to paint a picture or convey a sentiment that relates to the programmatic content.

The other choices suggest different aspects of music that don’t align with the concept of program music. The involvement of a conductor pertains to performance practices rather than the nature of the music itself. While orchestral performances can include program music, this genre is not limited to any specific ensemble or instrumentation. Additionally, a focus on vocal compositions does not encompass the idea of program music, which predominantly features instrumental works designed to tell a story or illustrate a theme. Thus, the correct answer accurately describes the defining traits of program music.