What does the term "sul ponticello" instruct the player to do?

The term "sul ponticello" instructs the player to bow near the bridge of the instrument. This technique produces a sound that is more ethereal and glassy than the typical tone created when bowing over the fingerboard. The proximity to the bridge alters the harmonic spectrum and articulation of the notes, resulting in a unique sound quality that can be used expressively in various musical contexts.

In contrast, bowing over the fingerboard produces a different timbre, while a lighter bow stroke might result in softer dynamics without the specific sound characteristics associated with sul ponticello. Varying dynamic levels focuses on the volume of sound rather than the specific playing technique associated with sul ponticello.