What does the symbol "z" indicate in musical notation?

In musical notation, the symbol "z" indicates a strong accent on the notes that it applies to. This means that the musician should perform those notes with more emphasis or intensity compared to the surrounding notes. Accenting a note involves making it stand out, both audibly and expressively, which is crucial in conveying the intended emotional weight and character of the music.

While other symbols like "p" indicate playing softly, and terms like "ritardando" signal a gradual slowing down, "z" specifically directs the performer to uplift certain notes in a distinct and pronounced manner, thereby enhancing the expressiveness of the piece. This contributes significantly to the dynamics and overall texture of the performance.