What are harmonics described as?

Harmonics are described as multiples of the fundamental frequency because they are integral (whole number) multiples that occur along with the fundamental tone when an instrument sounds. For example, if the fundamental frequency is 100 Hz, the harmonics would occur at 200 Hz (first harmonic), 300 Hz (second harmonic), and so on. These harmonics contribute to the timbre or color of the sound, giving it a richer quality beyond the simple pitch of the fundamental frequency.

Understanding harmonics is essential in music as they play a vital role in the harmonic series, which is foundational to music theory and practice. This characteristic allows composers and musicians to manipulate sound in various ways, creating depth and complexity in musical compositions. The other choices do not accurately reflect the nature of harmonics, as they either mischaracterize them or fail to capture their relationship with the fundamental frequency.