How is medieval motet characterized?

The medieval motet is characterized as a polyphonic vocal composition featuring multiple melodic lines sung simultaneously. This development marked a significant evolution in music during the medieval period, particularly beginning in the 13th century. Unlike monophonic music, which consists of a single melodic line, the motet incorporates different voices singing different melodies that are thematically related, often with one voice singing a sacred text while the others might include secular themes. This complexity allows for rich harmonies and intricate interplays between the vocal parts, which defines the structure and style of motets during medieval times.

In this context, the inclusion of multiple voices not only enhances the texture of the piece but also serves to convey multiple layers of meaning through varied texts—this is a hallmark of the motet. Thus, the polyphonic nature of the motet is central to its identity, setting it apart from simpler forms of medieval music.