How is a tone cluster characterized?

A tone cluster is characterized specifically by its dissonant sound, which arises from the proximity of pitches. In this particular case, a tone cluster consists of multiple pitches played simultaneously, where each pitch is typically only a half step apart from the next. This close spacing creates a dense and jarring sound, which is a hallmark of tone clusters.

The nature of the dissonance comes from the way these pitches interact with one another. Instead of creating a harmony that is pleasing or consonant, as seen in traditional chord progressions or simple triads, a tone cluster results in aural tension due to its closely spaced intervals. This concept is often employed in modern and experimental music to elicit a range of emotional responses and to explore the boundaries of harmony and sonority.

Given this understanding, the emphasis on dissonance and proximity of pitches distinguishes the tone cluster from other musical constructs such as chord progressions or consonant harmonies, which rely on wider intervals and more traditional harmonic relationships.